Driving is a complex task requiring focus, quick reflexes, and good judgment. But it can prove challenging to someone with bipolar disorder (BPD). Extreme mood swings alternating between mania and depression are its hallmark symptoms. Hallucinations, making drastic decisions, self-doubt, suicidal thoughts, and difficulties in focusing or remembering things are also common.
These symptoms can be difficult to handle, especially when a patient doesn’t have a proper support system. While many factors come into play, getting treated and recovering from such a condition can help improve stability and satisfaction.
But are BPD patients any different when they’re behind the wheel? Let’s find out.
The prevalence of BPD
Depending on the source, some five to seven million people in the US are affected by this mental condition. It’s estimated that about 4.4% of the American population experience BPD at any point in their lives, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. However, it’s most prevalent in adulthood, affecting about 2.8% of the population, the agency added.
The presence of BPD among adults can negatively impact their marriages and romantic relationships. For instance, studies show that women and men with BPD are less likely to get married compared to adults without the condition. They’re also less likely to remarry following a divorce.
Besides relationship issues, those who are old enough to drive may struggle while on the road. You’ll find some of the reasons below.
Are BPD patients more prone to traffic accidents?
Generally, BPD patients will find it challenging to concentrate and process information, possess impaired psychomotor function, and have slower reaction times. As a result, they may not be able to rely on quick thinking or problem-solving to prevent accidents. Taking medications can exacerbate the situation.
Here are additional reasons why drivers with BPDs may pose higher risks:
- Predisposition to alcohol and substance abuse
According to a 2021 study, BPD patients are more likely to develop alcohol and substance use disorders. In the US, a high 62.3% of bipolar disorder patients had alcoholism, while others were found using cannabis, cocaine, and opioids.
Alcohol and substance use can be fatal for everyone on the road—from drivers to passengers and pedestrians. That’s why driving under the influence (DUI) offenses are considered a crime in several states.
Besides being a responsible driver, using ride-sharing services demands you check the driver’s sobriety. Failing to do so can lead to serious medical and legal consequences, even death, for all parties involved.
- Slower cognitive performance
Unfortunately, BPD patients are more likely to have poorer cognitive performance regardless of the phase and more so if they’re taking oral medications. Some medications for mental illness have sedative properties, while some can impact psychomotor functions.
A driver experiencing manic episodes may exhibit poor decision-making and a feeling of invincibility, exposing them to dangerous behaviors and reckless driving. Conversely, those in their depressive phase may suddenly form suicidal thoughts, which could send precautions out the window. Besides careless driving, they might deliberately crash the vehicle to cut their life short.
- High functional impairment rates
A 2023 study has found that BPD patients can have up to 75% functional impairment depending on several factors. This means a person can’t perform specific activities to complete their daily routine, including driving. Main contributors include depressive symptoms, education, mood episodes, substance use, and psychotropic medications.
Can a BPD or mental disorder diagnosis be used for DUI defense?
There aren’t available statistics on the number of drivers with BPD in the US. The same holds for BPD patients facing driving under the influence (DUI) charges. However, if you find yourself in such an unfortunate situation, contact an experienced legal counsel immediately.
You can also glean useful insights from these points:
- Voluntary intoxication isn’t a valid defense against DUI. Hence, a diagnosis isn’t an excuse for drunk driving or using illicit substances before or while operating a vehicle.
- In a few cases, severe manic or depressive episodes may reach the level of ‘insanity’ that impairs an accused’s ability to understand the consequences. It may be used as a defense in such instances.
- However, the accused or their lawyer must prove that the former was experiencing a severe and uncontrollable phase at the time of the arrest. This can be highly challenging to prove to the court.
Judges and juries tend to have little sympathy for drunk drivers. So, even with strong evidence, an ‘insanity plea’ due to BPD may not succeed.
The takeaway
At the end of the day, BPD drivers can still drive safely on the highway. The key is to exercise extra precaution and undergo diligent treatment. More importantly, discussing their concerns with a healthcare specialist is paramount in making driving safer for everyone.
Of course, every patient’s journey is different. And navigating this mental disorder can be extremely challenging—especially if you’re accused of a felony or misdemeanor. Learn how to move forward by seeking legal help.